Workplace Violence And Health Care - 1641 Words

Workplace Violence in Health Care Morgan L. Hofmeister Baker University School of Nursing Abstract This research paper discusses workplace violence, specifically the nursing population. Using results from previous research conducted, negative factors impacting a nurse and solutions to this issue are explored. There is a lack of reporting causing this issue of workplace violence to be difficult to determine interventions and bring about public awareness. Looking at the historical background of workplace violence in health care settings, researching the emotional and physical effects on nurses, discovering the effects on work competency, and uncovering the facts on federal legislation of this issue warrants the importance†¦show more content†¦Besides using governmental data and statistics to compile information regarding workplace violence in health care settings, voluntary surveys are taken (Stokowski, 2010). These surveys and reports of violence are usually unreliable due to the nurse’s lack of ability to remember the incident, fear of affecting patient satisfacti on scores, uneducated on the reporting policy, or concern for questioned competency (Stokowski, 2010). It is said that seventy percent of physical abuse towards nurses are unreported and many nurses never seek treatment (Stokowski, 2010). The hesitancy to report is sensible when incidents reported reviewed are often questioned by the nurse’s actions and solutions are addressed to prevent another occurrence (Stokowski, 2010). These approaches administered by health care facilities imply that the nurse is at fault. Sadly, nurses are often reprimanded or fired defending themselves against violence (Stokowski, 2010). Physical Impact An Emergency Nurses Association study found that, â€Å"every week between eight to thirteen percent of emergency department nurses are victims of physical violence† (Trossman, p. 6, 2010). The physical repercussions of violence can include a physical injury, anger, chronic pain, loss of sleep, disability, muscle tension, anxiety, irritability, and nightmares (Gates,Show MoreRelatedViolence Against Student Nurses and Newly Registered Nurses1070 Words   |  5 PagesViolence against student nurses and newly registered nurses Abstract Workplace violence toward student nurses and newly registered nurses must be eliminated. Nursing students and new nurses are particularly vulnerable to acts of violence. This article discusses the status of the workplace violence of nurses, the effects of violence on students and new nurses, and some strategies can be used to reduce the workplace violence to nurses. Keywords: student nurses, newly registered nurses, workplaceRead MoreHaley Mccullian, Human Resources Consultant, At Mercy Fitzgerald839 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems in the nursing field involving workplace violence in the emergency room. The purpose of this report is to educate the workforce on potential causes, effects, and theories revolving around the current organizational challenge. Workplace violence is a dangerous and complex occupational hazard in today’s health care work environment. It poses challenges for nurses and other health care employees, hospital administration, unions, and health care regulators. Violence from patients, visitors, and coworkersRead MoreEssay Workplace Violence in Nursing890 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Violence in Nursing Professional Position Paper Nurses continually strive to bring holistic, efficient, and safe care to their patients. However, if the safety and well-being of the nurses are threatened or compromised, it is difficult for nurses to work effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the position of the American Nurses Association (ANA) advocate that every nursing professional have the right to work in a healthy work environment free of abusive behavior such as bullying,Read MoreHealth Policy Issues Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Care Policy Issues There are many trending topics in health care that arise and affect our workplaces every day. The professional meeting I had the opportunity to attend was the North Texas Organization for Nurse Executives (N-TONE) fall forum. Several health policy issues and opportunities to address them were brought up at the meeting with the main issue to be covered in this overview being workplace violence. TONE is a member of the Texas Nurses Associations Nursing Legislative Agenda CoalitionRead MoreThe Occupational Safety And Health Administration968 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Violence in the workplace has been an increasing problem for many years, but it is hitting the healthcare profession hardest.(1) Nearly 24,000 assaults in the work environment occur every year, with nearly 75% occuring to healthcare providers.(2) In 2001, it was reported that physicians were assaulted at a rate of 16.2 assaults per 1,000 physicans, nurses were assualted at a rate of 21.9 assaults per 1,000 nurses, and other healthcare workers (with varying job titles) were assaultedRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Us Healthcare System Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Workplace violence (WPV) has been an increasing problem for many years, but it is hitting the healthcare profession hardest.(1) A crime survey done in 2014 by the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS) found that violent crimes in the US healthcare system increased by 25% from 2012 to 2013.(2) Nearly 24,000 assaults in the work environment occur every year, with nearly 70-75% occurring to healthcare providers alone.(3, 4) Due to this increased risk of assaultRead MoreThe Issues Of The Nursing Profession1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthough nursing has great benefits such as health insurance, great pay, and the fact that you get to help people, nursing has many issues. Some of the issues of the nursing profession include work place violence, short staffing and hazardous environments. Research shows that these issues have been inflating across the country, and require immediate solutions to stem this growing tide. Thesis Statement Even though nursing has great benefits such as health insurance, great pay, and the fact thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On Nursing1329 Words   |  6 PagesEffects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Gurdeep Kaur, Virender Kaur, and Ana Tolentino Jimenez California State University, Bakersfield Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Workplace violence occurs due to an interpersonal conflict between two or more people that results from differences in their needs, ideas, goals, interests, or values (Marquis and Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is not limited to physical violence; it also includes negativeRead MoreThe Occupational Safety And Health Administration Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesadministrative law judge of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission would have to affirm the citation issued by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The Commission’s judge would then rule the employer is in violation if the four required elements of the citation under the General Duty Clause exist. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) took an aggressive enforcement approach with workplace violence which leads to the issuing of eight General Duty ClauseRead MoreLateral Violence And Workplace : Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesLateral Violence and Workplace Incivility Introduction The lateral violence comes in many forms and in many ways, such as abuse in the workplace that occur between colleagues, it can be verbal or nonverbal aggression, intimidation, bullying, harassment, discrimination, stereotyping, gossiping, criticism, and other related mistreatment behavior at work. Institutional lateral violence also happens between manager and subordinate where they can use their higher position to perpetrate assault to their

The Importance Of A Healthy Lifestyle On Good Nutrition,...

CHAPTER 3 When health is absent, wisdom cannot reveal itself, art cannot become manifest, strength cannot be exerted, wealth is useless, and reason is powerless. –Herophiles 300 B.C. Growing up I had generally experienced good health. Sure I had my share of runny noses, upset stomachs and scraped knees but I was usually energetic, athletic, creative and optimistic about life. Health, fitness and well-being were important to my family. I came to value the importance of a healthy lifestyle: good nutrition, proper sleep, exercise and sportsmanship. Education was equally emphasized, â€Å"a sound mind in a sound body,† my grandfather repeatedly told my sister and me. My grandfather, Pop-Pop, was a gregarious, tall and handsome man with a gleam in his eye who greatly valued education. I listened carefully to the conversations at the weekly Sunday night dinner table when we visited my grandparents because I always learned something new. Even though the prevailing rule was â€Å"children are seen but not heard,† Pop-Pop always welcomed my questions about economics, politics, history, human nature, art and literature. In fact, he encouraged them. He was the smartest and wisest person I knew. I have never forgotten what my grandfather wrote in my autograph book when I was in second grade, â€Å"Good, better, best, never let it rest, until your good is your better and your better is your best.† I had been a good student, curious about everything and I always wanted to better myself. There was noShow MoreRelatedImportance of Physical Education in Schools2064 Words   |  9 Pages Importance of Physical Education in Schools SPO3001 Learn to Swim Table of Contents Page Introduction 3 Definition of Physical Education 3 What is taught in Physical Education? 4 Importance of Physical Education 5 The Importance of Physical Education as it relates to Swimming 7 Disadvantages of lack of Physical Education 9 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction Physical education plays a vital roleRead MoreHealth Of Health And Wellness1839 Words   |  8 Pageswellness and its importance. So I learned in this health class is about eating healthy and eating nutrition food like chicken and white rice great organic food ect .For example Heath and wellness are key components in my life. To me, so I m talk about me first then my family and so no health issues such as, illness, sickness or injury. Wellness is a synonym of health, however I would define it as living a happy, healthy lifestyle with little or no health issues. I feel the importance of health shouldRead MorePre, During And Post Competition Meals For Athletes3585 Words   |  15 Pagesbody to function at the highest potential. With the aim of keeping their bodies constantly healthy as well as themselves at an optimal shape for their sporting performances, they will ultimately wan to achieve two important things through their diet: a healthy nutrition and the maximum body energy. With a considerate attention and a keen commitment channeled on the field work coupled with a proper nutrition at the training table, any desired outcome can easily be acquired. For this reason, mostRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesTrue purpose of sports nowadays b. Sports and Media 8. Foreign Aid a. How effective is Foreign Aid? 9. Migration a. Is migration/having foreigners good? 10. Subjects a. Literature b. History c. Mathematics d. Universal language 11. Businesses a. Business morality b. Charities as businesses 12. Democracy a. Good vs. Bad 13. Social Issues (only stats provided) a. Gender b. Family c. Equality 14. Governance a. World Governance 15. Others a. CooperationRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesis currently working on a book in applied mathematical statistics. He is the recipient of a distinguished teaching award from Cal Poly and is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, cooking and eating good food, tennis, and travel to faraway places. He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a

Whirligig free essay sample

Jenny feels helpless as someone that she loves and close to is dying C] her grandmother. When the old woman tells Jenny to give her a ride around town, Jenny decides to help her because her mom wasnt there, and she somehow desperately needed to see this place. So Jenny and her grandmother get into the car, and drive around the town. Her grandmother tells her to go places that dont even make any sense, like a birch tree, and an old run down house. This old house was Earaches, her long dead sister.Jenny is confused at first about her grandmothers directions, and she is frustrated at not knowing what is going on in grandmothers mind. At the last stop, which was a spinning whirligig on an old, run down hostel, is when Jenny finally understands the Journey. Her grandmother explained that she wanted to see all these special things in her life, before she died. We will write a custom essay sample on Whirligig or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The whirligig gave her and Jenny a message that not everyone is evil, and when people died in the Holocaust, they would have wanted the people that learned of them to spread Joy and happiness, Instead of revving over their losses.She describes how the person who made the wind toy was of good spirit and intentions, and that life Is Just too precious to waste. When Jennys grandmother first asked Jenny to drive her to some place, Jenny wasnt all that up for It. She didnt understand what her grandmother was aiming for, and what she wanted. At first, Jenny agreed to do It because her grandmother seemed so anxious to go, and her mother wasnt there to drive her around. But by the end of the Journey, she finally understood why her grandmother told her to drive o these places, and realized that her grandmother knew her time was to come.A major theme of this chapter was that life Is precious, and even though there has been suffering, Joy and happiness should still take place, Instead of endless grieving and mourning over the losses. Jennys grandmother talks about this when they visit the whirligig, and how everyone still has a good Intention. I believe that after Jennys grandmother has passed on, Jenny will remember her grandmothers spiritual words, and spread peace and Joyfulness Into the world.

Verbal Learning Process

Verbal learning is the use of words or the process of speaking to express ones ideas or thoughts. It also entails learner’s acquiring and retaining ability of verbal information.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Verbal Learning Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, verbal learning is said to be memorization due to day-to-day demands on use of acquired verbal information. According to Tulving and Madigan, the learning has proved to be one of most efficient ways of passing information to the learners and a better way by which learners comprehend information (1970). A student who engages verbal learning incorporates vocal words to bring out concepts; hence, it is a procedure of transforming information from short-term to long-term memory. The concept of how human beings are able to retrieve and use verbal information is complex and is greatly influenced by how these learners are abl e to memorize the same information. For example, one is able to write the alphabetical letters backwards after memorizing and learning how to pair the sequence of all the alphabetical letters verbally. The process therefore means that one is in a position to require repeating information verbally during the paring sequence. Hearing the alphabet sequence therefore assists in remembering the letters and eventually one is even able to write them down in reverse. In line with Tulving and Madigan, association, as one of the major concept in verbal learning is brought out during the learning process (1970). In most cases, a student of verbal learning will associate a stimulus to a response. A good example is when a person you meet for the first time tells you his/her name. The next instance you meet the same person (a stimulus), the mind is triggered and thus recalls the sound of that person’s name (a response). This shows that the mind can memorize sound and then associate the sou nds to objects or activities in future to give response.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other concept of verbal learning involves comprehension, which often occurs faster and easily, unlike in sign language learning where once requires to know the sign language in the first place. From the above explanations, verbal acquisition of knowledge is not extensively caused by conscious regulations or rigid form of knowledge attainment like most people believes it to be. The process is an enduring form of learning where proficiency and fluency emerges later on particularly during specialization. Verbal knowledge acquisition also involves good listening skills. A learner should thus be keen enough and patient to ensure proper input of the attempts and thus avoid learning anxiety. In verbal learning, the ability to recognize improvement is only achievable through comprehension of input. Interaction is thus a vital aspect of acquiring the knowledge since the learner’s input is the contribution provided through interactive participation, while output is the comprehension ability especially use of the language. Personal interpretation is also a key factor of effective verbal communication. Modern verbal learning calls for real-time acquisition of skills since the communication practice is the key aspect as opposed to the normal form of classroom learning, where the leant knowledge concerns specified study topics (Tulving and Madigan, 1970). Verbal learning consequently takes various unique styles such as ability to influence fluency of rapport-building skills. The learning provides need to notice and generate functions that can evoke the conscious reaction of the mind. Lastly, there is need for engaging meta-lingual abilities, which involves the capacity to take in hand deep thoughts as a measure of improving the learning skills enjoyably. Accuracy in th e accusation therefore depends on comfort and individual’s passion to acquire the new skills. Verbal learning is however advantageous since it provides learner the opportunity to tryout the skills immediately.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Verbal Learning Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Tulving, E., Madigan, S. A. (1970). Memory and Verbal Learning. Canada: University of Toronto Retrieved from http://alicekim.ca/AnnRev70.pdf This research paper on Verbal Learning Process was written and submitted by user Alvin Norman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The perks of being a wallflower Essay

The perks of being a wallflower Essay The perks of being a wallflower Essay The perks of being a wallflower Theme: Friendship, Drugs, and Sex. Summary: The perks of being a wallflower is a novel written from the point of view of a high school freshman, the main characteristic is Charlie. Structure of the novel is based on Charlie's role as a stranger sent letters to another person. In the first year of high school, his friend Michael committed suicide, he felt very alone. In the following days, he met a student named Patrick, and Patrick introduced his sister Sam to Charlie. After this, they became good friends, and he grew to love Sam. He has a aunt in this world who is his favorite love. But unfortunately, his aunt died in a car accident. He has a complete family, his brother is a student at Pennsylvania State University and is a footballer. His parents were very ordinary people. He also has a sister. Because a party, she met a guy and and it went to bed. Later, Charles told his parents that his sister had a boyfriend. In later days, his sister was pregnant, and then broke up with her boyfriend. In a gathering, he knows Patrick and Brad sex in the bed and knew he was gay. In a gathering, he knows Patrick and Brad in love and knew he was gay. Charlie and Patrick often smoke, and even gave Charlie marijuana. One day, Charlie was very upset, so he decided to smoke marijuana. In that one night he collapsed in the street and was lectured police. Then Charlie's parents brought him to the house. Charlie marijuana because he kissed Sam on the ball,

Great Rift Valley - Crack in the Planets Crust

Great Rift Valley - Crack in the Planet's Crust The Rift Valley of eastern Africa and Asia (sometimes called the Great Rift Valley [GRV] or East African Rift system [EAR or EARS]) is an enormous geological split in the crust of the earth, thousands of kilometers long, up to 125 miles (200 kilometers) wide, and between a few hundred to thousands of meters deep. First designated as the Great Rift Valley in the late 19th century and visible from space, the valley has also been a great source of hominid fossils, most famously in Tanzanias Olduvai Gorge. Key Takeaways: Great Rift Valley The Great Rift Valley is a huge fracture in the crust of the earth in the eastern part of Africa.  Crustal rifts are found all over the world, but the one in East Africa is the largest.  The rift is a complex series of faultlines that runs from the Red Sea down into Mozambique.The Lake Turkana basin in the rift region is known as the Cradle of Mankind and has been a source of hominid fossils since the 1970s.A 2019 paper suggests that the Kenyan and Ethiopian rifts are evolving into one single oblique rift.   The Rift Valley is the result of an ancient series of faults, rifts, and volcanoes deriving from the shifting of tectonic plates at the junction between the Somalian and the African plates. Scholars recognize two branches of the GRV: the eastern half- which is that piece north of Lake Victoria that runs NE/SW and meets the Red Sea; and the western half- running nearly N/S from Victoria to the Zambezi river in Mozambique. The eastern branch rifts first occurred 30 million years ago, the western 12.6 million years ago. In terms of rift evolution, many parts of the Great Rift Valley are in different stages, from pre-rift in the Limpopo valley, to initial-rift stage at the Malawi rift; to typical-rift stage in the northern Tanganyika rift region; to advanced-rift stage in the Ethiopian rift region; and finally to oceanic-rift stage in the Afar range. That means the region is still quite tectonically active: see Chorowicz (2005) for much more detail concerning the ages of the different rift regions. Geography and Topography The East African Rift System stretches from the Red Sea to Mozambique. It is marked by the African Great Lakes and is currently the largest rift of the world. S. Brune; Kartengrundlage: Nasa-World-Wind The Eastern African Rift Valley is a long valley flanked by uplifted shoulders that step down to the central rift by more or less parallel faults. The main valley is classed as a continental rift, extending from 12 degrees north to 15 degrees south of our planets​ equator. It extends a length of 3,500 km  and intersects major portions of the modern countries of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique and minor portions of others. The width of the valley varies between 30 km to 200 km (20-125 mi), with the widest section at the northern end where it links to the Red Sea in the Afar region of Ethiopia. The depth of the valley varies across eastern Africa, but for most of its length it is more than 1 km (3280 feet) deep and at its deepest, in Ethiopia, it is over 3 km (9,800 ft) deep. The topographical steepness of its shoulders and the depth of the valley have created specialized microclimates and hydrology within its walls. Most rivers are short and small within the valley, but a few follow the rifts for hundreds of kilometers, discharging into deep lake basins. The valley acts as a north-south corridor for the migration of animals and birds  and inhibits east/west movements. When glaciers dominated most of Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene, the rift lake basins were havens for animals and plant life, including early hominins. History of the Rift Valley Studies Following on the mid- to late-19th-century work of dozens of explorers including the famous David Livingstone, the concept of an East African rift fracture was established by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, and named the Great Rift Valley of East Africa in 1896 by British geologist John Walter Gregory. In 1921, Gregory described the GRV as a system of graben basins which included the valleys of the Red and Dead Seas in western Asia, as the Afro-Arabian rift system. Gregorys interpretation of the GRV formation was that two faults had opened up and a central piece dropped down forming the valley (called a graben). Since Gregorys investigations, scholars have re-interpreted the rift as the result of multiple graben faults organized over a major fault line at the plate juncture. The faults occurred in time from the Paleozoic to Quaternary eras, a time span of some 500 million years. In many areas, there have been repeated rifting events, including at least seven phases of rifting over the past 200 million years. Paleontology in the Rift Valley In the 1970s, paleontologist Richard Leakey designated the East African Rift region as the Cradle of Mankind, and there is no doubt that the earliest hominids- members of the Homo species- arose within its boundaries. Why that happened is a matter of conjecture, but may have something to do with the steep valley walls and microclimates created within them. The interior of the rift valley was isolated from the rest of Africa during the Pleistocene ice age  and sheltered freshwater lakes located in savannahs. As with other animals, our early ancestors may have found refuge there when the ice covered much of the planet and then evolved as hominids within its tall shoulders. An interesting study on the genetics of frog species by Freilich and colleagues showed that the valleys micro-climates and topography are at least, in this case, a biogeographic barrier that resulted in the splitting of the species into two separate gene pools. It is the eastern branch (much of Kenya and Ethiopia) where much of the paleontological work has identified hominids. Beginning about 2 million years ago, barriers in the eastern branch eroded away, a time which is coeval (as much as that clock can be called co-eval) with the spread of Homo species outside of Africa. Rift Evolution Analysis of the rift reported by German geologist Sascha Brune and colleagues in March 2019 (Corti et al. 2019) suggests that although the rift began as two overlapping disconnected rifts (Ethiopian and Kenyan), the lateral offset that lies in the Turkana depression has evolved and continues to evolve into a single oblique rift.   In March of 2018, a great crack measuring 50 feet wide and miles long opened up in the Suswa area of southwestern Kenya. Scientists believe the cause was not a sudden recent shift of the tectonic plates, but rather the abrupt erosion to the surface of a long-standing subsurface crack that developed over thousands of years. Recent heavy rains caused the soil to collapse over the crack, exposing it to the surface, rather like a sinkhole.  Ã‚   Selected Sources Blinkhorn, J., and M. Grove. The Structure of the Middle Stone Age of Eastern Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews 195 (2018): 1–20. Print.Chorowicz, Jean. The East African Rift System. Journal of African Earth Sciences 43.1–3 (2005): 379–410. Print.Corti, Giacomo, et al. Aborted Propagation of the Ethiopian Rift Caused by Linkage with the Kenyan Rift. Nature Communications 10.1 (2019): 1309. Print.Deino, Alan L., et al. Chronology of the Acheulean to Middle Stone Age Transition in Eastern Africa. Science 360.6384 (2018): 95–98. Print.Freilich, Xenia, et al. Comparative Phylogeography of Ethiopian Anurans: Impact of the Great Rift Valley and Pleistocene Climate Change. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16.1 (2016): 206. Print.Frostick, L. Africa: Rift Valley. Encyclopedia of Geology. Eds. Cocks, L. Robin M. and Ian R. Plimer. Oxford: Elsevier, 2005. 26–34. Print.Sahnouni, Mohamed, et al. 1.9-Million- and 2.4-Million-Year-Old Artifacts and Stone Tool-Cutmarked Bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria. Science 362.6420 (2018): 1297–301. Print. Simon, Brendan, et al. Deformation and Sedimentary Evolution of the Lake Albert Rift (Uganda, East African Rift System). Marine and Petroleum Geology 86 (2017): 17–37. Print.

Coursework for Empirical Methods of Economic Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

For Empirical Methods of Economic - Coursework Example Figure (1) Ignoring the age variable will result in direct relationship of number of years of education completed with the amount of wage earned in a month. Therefore, the direct relationship is shown as follows: Figure (2) ii) Referring to equation (1) specifying a linear function of wage, with respect to age and education, if Ey is kept constant, i.e. number of years of education remain same, then the direct relationship of wage (Wt) and age (At) will be determined. The specific organizational principle will be applied here, i.e. the experienced workers will be enjoying more wages than those who have lesser experience, and the variable for counting the experience is the age of the workers. The more the age, the more will be experience of the workers, and hence they will enjoy larger amount in terms of their monthly wage. Keeping the education years (Ey) constant, and allowing the wages to change at a different rate, with respect to change in the age of the workers, the graph would still show a direct relationship between Wt and Ay, as follows: Figure (3) As shown above, the education variable is kept constant, and even then the wage will increase as the worker’s age increases. ... In this case, the figure (1) can again be considered, where the wages will increase depending upon the increase on the wage as well as the age. The only exception in this section and the previous one is the dependability of age of the worker on his age, whereas both were independent in the former approach, but the results will be the same whether the age factor is going to depend on education years or not, because the wage factor is going to change depending upon the change in age as well as education years altogether. Q (b). For the equation used in question a(i), the data is put in the EViews, and the estimates have been made about the relationship between the wage, age, and education years. The following graph will be showing a relationship of the three variables provided in the equation 1 given above. Figure (4) The figure shows that the data given in the excel sheet provides a direct relationship between the wage that is calculated on the basis of the ages and educational years of each of the workers working in the company. The blue lines highlight wages, red age, and green lines show educational years in case of first model discussed above. The wage will rise whenever the educational years, or age, or bother together will rise. Concerning the second model made in an answer to the question (a) above, the changes in wage were made as a direct function of the changes made in the age of the workers, and it was supposed that the educational experiences were either kept constant or had been ignored, and a direct function was applied on the age and its change on the wage of each of the worker. The graph given in figure (5) below will